If you haven’t had a chance, I urge you to watch the Ward 2 Candidate Forum hosted by Uniting Citizens for Housing Affordability in Newton (U-CHAN). The forum was, to use U-CHAN’s words, “primarily focused on affordable housing for the most vulnerable and housing insecure families.” And, it was terrifically revealing. Some takeaways after the embedded video.

Moment of the forum: Tarik Lucas’s incredibly powerful and topical answer to a question about the connection between housing affordability and increasing racial diversity in our city:

And as far as achieving racial justice in Newton, this is the second time I’ve run for City Council, but the first time when I ran for City Council, I would knock on peoples’ doors and I would say, “My name’s Tarik Lucas. I’m running for City Council,” and they would pause for a second and then they would say, “Oh, you mean Boston City Council?” And, I’m like, “No. Newton City Council.” So, we certainly do have a long way to go to create an inclusive community. And, that’s something I’d like to be.

It really drove home the impact of nearly a hundred years of intentional and unintentional segregation in Newton.

I’ve watched a few candidate forums and debates over the last few years. The U-CHAN questions were, hands down, the best questions I’ve ever heard. Thoughtful. Thought-provoking. Challenging. Well written. And, ably asked by Emily Cagwin. The questions were, according to U-CHAN Co-Chair (and former Aldercritter) Marcia Johnson, a U-CHAN team effort. 

My favorite cited the recent Boston University research about the disproportionately older, whiter, and more home-owning participants at municipal land-use meetings and asked what the candidates would do to improve the diversity of civic participation. That’s some knowledgeable advocacy.

Finally, at 23:20 or so in the video, clear distinction between/among the candidates emerged.

While housing and development are thought by many to be the defining issues of this special election, some have found it challenging to distinguish the candidates, with the two early (and serious) candidates — Candidate Lucas and Bryan Barash — both advocating for affordable housing, more housing choice, and, in particular, more housing near transit. 

A question about the state Housing Choice Act burned away the fog. Candidate Barash is a huge fan, having helped shepherd the bill through the State House in his day job as counsel to State Senator Harriete Chandler. He noted that lowering the threshold for certain special permit and zoning decisions to a simple majority makes it harder for a small group of councilors to hold up housing projects that have broad popular support. David Micley is also supportive, particularly of the requirement for a transit-oriented district with greater housing density.

Candidate Lucas is not happy with the new law, and his critique revealed that affordable housing is not as much of a priority as it is for the other candidates. He said it looks like the Housing Choice Act was written by special interests, though well-respected housing advocacy groups like the Citizens’ Housing and Planning Association (CHAPA) are big supporters. He says the state has “changed the law on Newton” and that “every city and town in Massachusetts should have the ultimate say in their zoning laws and should not be dictated by the state,” when it is state law that authorizes municipal land-use laws and state law that set the two-thirds majority requirement in the first place. And, he said that the current super-majority requirement leads to better projects in Newton, when it’s indisputable that both Riverside and Northland would have had more affordable units if their special permits had been subject to a simple majority.

You can be unhappy with the Housing Choice Act for a variety of reasons, but it’s tough to square with claiming to be an advocate for affordable housing. Ultimately, the candidate’s stance on the Housing Choice Act is a stance on change.

Ms. Cagwin posed an interesting question about what the candidates wish they had done differently to support housing for the needy, Candidate Barash was the only one of the three to have sufficient experience to answer the question. From his long association with Engine 6 to his work in the State House on the Housing Choice Act, his housing bona fides are solid. As he put it, he’s been in the fight for years. He said that he wished he’d done more with direct-service housing agencies. Nice.

Candidate Micley, the newcomer, was poised, thoughtful, and comfortable with the issues. He cut to the core of the problems we have in Newton and delivered the simple truth about why housing is expensive in Newton: demand has been steadily growing and supply has been capped by zoning, by regulation, by bureaucracy. The remedy: allow more housing to be built, which will put downward pressure on price. But, it won’t happen overnight.

It’s more than a bit ironic that, in a race to succeed a city councilor who is in Congress because, arguably, multiple candidates split the progressive vote, Candidate Micley, without mounting a credible campaign, might end up the spoiler to the detriment of the candidate with whom he shares the same values and to the benefit of the candidate with whom he does not. I hope that doesn’t end up the case and that he makes a serious run for office in the fall, perhaps for the ward seat against an incumbent with whom he does not share the same values.

All three candidates acknowledged the segregating effect of Newton’s single-family-only zoning, but none were willing to advocate to end it. I continue not to understand this incoherence on exclusionary zoning among elected officials and candidates. If it’s a morally bad policy that has had bad outcomes, let’s just be done with it. Acknowledging the adverse impact of single-family-only zoning on opportunity for Black people and then saying “let’s add more density, but only around transit” or, as Candidate Micley put it, “in select parts of Newton” is just another way of saying the adverse impact of single-family-only zoning on opportunity for Black people is okay everywhere else.

As for Candidate Lucas’s concern that two-family homes by-right everywhere in the city will just create large, expensive townhouse condos, the City Council could easily specify dimensional controls on multi-family units that would prevent the 3,000 sq.ft. condos he’s worried about. A problem under our current zoning is an argument for new zoning.

There was clear consensus among the three candidates on the issue of local preferences for affordable housing. If we want to increase the racial diversity of our city, we’re going to have to include more people from outside the city.

At bottom, the forum revealed two very different approaches to affordable and other housing in Newton. Candidate Barash cited his active support for Northland and other projects that created lots of affordable housing units. This is the way affordable housing has been built in the city: cross-subsidized with market-rate housing. Proven method. (Candidate Barash also strongly supports building a trust fund for directly subsidized affordable housing. All the tools in the toolbox, to use his phrase.)

Both Candidates Barash and Micley spoke of the need for a variety of market-rate options to create what Candidate Micley referred to as housing opportunities for more people at different life stages and different economic needs. They very clearly intend for the city to grow and change to meet the needs of the times.

Candidate Lucas seems to sincerely want to add truly affordable housing to Newton, but only under very narrow conditions that are either unrealistic or just not that common. Over and over, he has opposed development, even when that development promises truly affordable housing.

As for middle-income housing, Candidate Lucas doesn’t talk as much about adding housing options. He offers the false hope that we can provide middle-income housing by preserving our existing housing stock … so-called naturally affordable housing. If we can prevent teardowns and McMansions, the argument goes, the existing housing stock will somehow remain affordable to folks of modest means. Candidate Micley provide a very clear rebuttal. So long as we cap supply, prices are just going to go up. Prevent a modest-sized home from becoming a very expensive McMansion, what you’re going to end up with, given Newton land cost, is a very expensive modest-sized home. If nothing else, the willingness of people to buy the million-dollar-plus town home condos that Candidate Lucas wants to stop should signal that single-family starter homes are no longer the future.

Ultimately, it’s a progressive view of the world versus a very conservative view, in the sense of conservative  as wishing to preserve, with little change.