| Newton MA News and Politics BlogDo you know the grading distribution in Newton’s high schools? Scores of parents have told me that their high schoolers have become straight A students. If our kids are getting smarter or learning more, this is great news. Unfortunately, a public records request produced an analysis of grades that tells another story. The Fall 2021 distribution of letter grades (disregarding, for example, pass, not pass and withdraws), reveals that A’s were awarded 58.4% of the time, while A’s or A minuses were given 73.2% of the time. In comparison, my college class syllabus spells out that there will be 25-35% A’s, 50-70% B’s, and 5-15% C’s.

The memo explains that a new grading system was adopted to “decrease the inequitable impact of the pandemic on student subgroups… and to address the longstanding disproportionality of A and B grade distribution amongst student subgroups in our schools.”

Readers can decide for themselves whether reducing disproportionality in grades should be a district-wide goal. I think NPS is putting the cart before the horse. The goal should be to reduce disproportionality in learning, which in turn, would reduce disproportionality in grades. Evidence from MCAS scores tells us that we are failing disadvantaged groups. Inflating grades does a disservice to families who are duped into believing that their children are learning.

Even if we throw my criticism aside, the NPS grade inflation project still failed to reduce disproportionalities. In fact, it made grade disproportionalities worse! The report shows that since 2018, 4 out of 5 subgroups experienced greater grade disproportionalities. In light of this, why doesn’t NPS scuttle the project?

Grades are not cosmetic. Many students are transactional. Grades motivate them to finish homework and study, which results in learning. All four of the referenced studies below show that high grades diminish student learning. Grades also communicate performance to parents. A parent who sees a C on a report card is motivated to be involved in remediation. A parent who sees an A or A minus and does not realize that their child might be near the bottom 25% of the class, is likely to do nothing. High grading sets the stage for an uncomfortable college admissions process when straight A students discover that their grades won’t set them apart.

The memo promises to “Continue to solicit feedback from… families regarding the clarity of the grading process.” In light of this, I filed a public records request to obtain documents that recorded feedback from families. The NPS replied, “NPS has not yet gathered feedback from families regarding high school grading.”

 

References

Elikai and Schuhmann, 2010, An Examination of the Impact of Grading Policies on Students’ Achievement, Issues in Accounting Education.

Figlio and Lucas, 2004, Do high grading standards affect student performance? Journal of Public Economics

Gershenson, Seth, 2020, Great Expectations: The Impact of Rigorous Grading Practices on Student Achievement. Washington, DC: Thomas B. Fordham Institute.

Insler, McQuoid, Rahman, and Smith, 2022, Fear and Loathing in the Classroom: Why Does Teacher Quality Matter?, U.S Naval Academy working paper.